The Martyr Sayyid Muḥammad Ṣadr wrote in his valuable book:
“Dajjāl is a specified culture, civilization and ideology which is the enemy of Islam.”
He believed Western materialistic culture and civilization, is the very Dajjāl in narrations.
And he introduced Dajjāl, as a symbol and allusion of anti- material and anti-Islamic movements.
In his book “The global governance of Imam Mahdi (hgr)”, Ayatollāh Makārim Shīrāzī wrote:
“According to the whole narrations about Dajjāl, one can conclude that the word refers to flow of thinking, not a specific person.”
[However], some researchers and scholars such as the late Dwānī believed that “Dajjāl is a specific person.”
Although each of them brought up some reasons,
The first view is further strengthened, through accuracy and full attention in narrations,
Mahdīsm in Ṣiḥāḥ Sittah, P.151-153